Influence of color on attractiveness of sky hook type maxillary protractor

AIM: To evaluate the esthetic attractiveness of the Sky Hook type of maxillary protractor, available in different colors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight Sky Hook type of maxillary protractors of different colors were evaluated. Images were obtained of the same patient, and standardized with the aid of an image manipulation program (Adobe Photoshop software from CS) to obtain the colors: white, gray, green, yellow, blue, pink, brown and black. After acquisition the images were printed on photographic paper and incorporated into a specific and personalized questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among children of both genders, in the age-ranges from 7 to 8, and 9 to 10 years, at public and private schools (n=200). Fro the scores attributed to each image, the Mann-Whitney test was used, and among groups, Spearman's Correlation. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: The scores attributed to the color green presented significant difference between the schoolchildren from public and private schools. In a comparison between genders, the boys awarded better scores to the colors gray and black, whereas the girls awarded better scores to the color pink. When the age groups examined were compared, only the color blue presented statistical differences. CONCLUSION: The color of the Sky Hook type of maxillary protractor has an influence on the esthetic attractiveness to children from 7 to 10 years, and preference determined by colors is also influenced by gender and the type of school (public or private) and age group.

Perception of laypersons and dental professionals and students as regards the aesthetic impact of gingival plastic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of perception of laypersons, professionals, and dental students, regarding the aesthetic appearance of the smile in cases of gingival plastic surgery of the maxilla for correction of a gingival smile, by examining alterations in photographs. MATERIALS/METHODS: Alterations were made to an extraoral front-view-photograph of a gingival smile in normal occlusion, by gingival recontouring of the maxilla, simulating a gingival plastic surgery procedure to diminish gingival exposure. For this purpose, specific image-manipulation program (Adobe-Photoshop-Software-CS3) was used. Images were printed on photographic-paper, attached to questionnaire, distributed among laypersons, professionals, and dental students to evaluate degree of aesthetics (n = 150). To evaluate degree of aesthetics, an attractiveness scale was used, with 0 representing hardly attractive, 5 for attractive, and 10 for very attractive. Differences between examiners were examined by Mann-Whitney test. All the statistics were performed with a confidence level of 95 per cent. RESULTS: Both dental professionals and students and laypersons were capable of identifying alterations resulting from gingival plastic surgery. In all evaluated groups, they demonstrated that large gingival extension does not always affect aesthetic appearance of the smile, and maxillary incisors not being much visualized is characterized as hardly attractive, with statistically lower scores being attributed (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: According to aesthetic parameters, the presence of the gingiva is important in the composition of the smile, however, only when exposed to small extent.

Influência da cor da máscara facial de Delaire na atratividade estética / The influence of Delaire´s facial mask color on esthetical attractiveness

Objetivo: avaliar a atratividade estética de máscaras faciais do tipo Delaire de diferentes cores. Métodos: oito cores de máscaras faciais ortopédicas do tipo Delaire foram avaliadas. As imagens foram obtidas de um mesmo paciente e padronizadas por meio do editor de imagens Adobe Photoshop CS. As cores avaliadas foram: branca, cinza, verde, amarela, azul, rosa, marrom e preta. Após a aquisição das imagens, essas foram impressas em papel fotográfico e incorporadas a um questionário específico e personalizado. O questionário foi distribuído para crianças de ambos os sexos, nas faixas etárias de 7 a 8 e de 9 a 10 anos, em escolas públicas e privadas (n = 200). O teste de Mann-Whitney foi usado para análise das notas atribuídas a cada imagem, e, para a análise entre os grupos, usou-se a correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: apenas as notas dadas à cor azul apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas. Na comparação entre sexos, os meninos pontuaram melhor as cores cinza e preta, enquanto as meninas pontuaram melhor a cor rosa. Comparando as faixas etárias examinadas, não houve diferença estatística. Conclusão: a cor da máscara facial do tipo Delaire influencia na atratividade estética para crianças de 7 a 10 anos, e a preferência por determinadas cores sofre influencia também do sexo e do tipo de escola (pública ou privada).

Cross sectional: perception of children from public and private schools regarding the esthetic impact of different types of face masks.

PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the esthetic perception among children from public and private schools regarding the use of different types of face masks. METHODS: Six different types of orthopedic face masks made from images of the same patient were evaluated. Initially, the images were standardized with the help of Adobe Photoshop software. The variable considered was type of mask: (A) Delaire with facebow; (B) Petit; (C) Delaire; (D)Turley; (E) Hickham; and (F) Sky Hook. The images were printed on photographic paper and incorporated into a specific personalized questionnaire that was distributed to 7- to 10-year-olds attending public and private schools (n=120). The data obtained were compared via chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, Mann-Whitney and Spearman's tests. RESULTS: The proportion of participants who chose image A as the best was significantly higher (P<.05) compared to the other masks. Images B and F were chosen as the worst, without a significant difference between them (P>.05). The mean scores between groups were not significantly correlated between private vs public schoolchildren (r=0.32) and between boys and girls (r=0.41). CONCLUSIONS: Delaire face mask with facebow was chosen as the most attractive, and the Petit and Sky Hook face masks were voted the least attractive.

Perception of the esthetic impact of gingival smile on laypersons, dental professionals, and dental students.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate perceptions regarding esthetic appearance of the smile in cases of orthognathic surgery for correction of maxillary gingival display. STUDY DESIGN: Alterations were made to an extraoral front-view photograph of a gingival smile in normal occlusion by repositioning the maxilla to simulate bone tissue removal and gingival exposure. Images were printed on photographic paper attached to questionnaires distributed among laypersons, professionals, and dental students to evaluate degree of esthetics (n = 150). To evaluate degree of esthetics, an attractiveness-scale was used, with 0 representing hardly attractive, 5 attractive, and 10 very attractive. RESULTS: All of the evaluated groups demonstrated that large gingival extension does not always affect esthetic appearance of the smile. Insufficiently visualized maxillary incisors were considered hardly attractive and received statistically lower scores (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: According to esthetic parameters, gingiva play important roles in composition of the smile, but only when they are exposed to a small extent.

Comparative evaluation of esthetic perception of black spaces in patients with mandibular incisor extraction.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of perception of laypersons, dental professionals, and students with regard to the esthetics of the smile in cases of mandibular incisor extractions with the presence of black spaces between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Changes were made to a front-view intraoral photograph of occlusion treated by means of a mandibular incisor extraction, simulating various configurations of black spaces between mandibular incisors. For this purpose, a specific image manipulation program was used (Photoshop CS3). After digital manipulation the photographs were printed on photographic paper and attached to a questionnaire and distributed to laypersons, dental professionals, and students (n  =  90). To evaluate the degree of esthetics, an attractiveness scale was used, in which a score of 0 would represent "hardly attractive," 5 "attractive," and 10 "very attractive." The differences between examiners were checked using the Mann-Whitney test. All of the statistics were performed with a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that dentistry professionals, students, and laypersons were capable of identifying cases with and without black spaces. In all groups evaluated, with the increase in black spaces the scores assigned were statistically lower (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: It could be concluded that black spaces occurring after mandibular incisor extraction had a negative repercussion on dental esthetics for the dentist, the dental student, and the layperson.

Perception of the esthetic impact of mandibular incisor extraction treatment on laypersons, dental professionals, and dental students.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of perception of laypersons, dental professionals, and dental students regarding dental esthetics in cases with mandibular central incisor extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a smile photograph of a person with normal occlusion and all teeth, modifications were made to reflect the extraction of a mandibular incisor of various compositions and sizes. For this purpose a program specifically for image manipulation (Adobe Photoshop CS3, Adobe Systems Inc) was used. After manipulation the images were printed on photographic paper, attached to a questionnaire and distributed to laypersons, dental professionals, and dental students (n  =  90) to evaluate the degree of perception and esthetic using a scale of attractiveness, where 0  =  hardly attractive, 5  =  attractive, and 10  =  very attractive. The differences between examiners were checked by the Mann-Whitney test. All the statistics were performed with a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS: The results demonstrated the skill of the dental professionals and dental students in perceiving the difference between cases of normal occlusion and cases where an incisor was lacking (P < .05). The photograph in which the lateral incisors were shown to be larger than the central incisor was the one that obtained the highest value among the cases of extraction in all groups of evaluators. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that dental professionals and dental students are more skillful at identifying deviation from normality. In addition, central incisor extraction should always be discarded when there are other treatment options available.